Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

The items accounting for the difference between income taxes computed at the federal statutory rate and the provision for income taxes were as follows:

ASC 740 requires that the tax benefit of net operating losses carry forwards be recorded as an asset to the extent that management assesses that realization is “more likely than not.” Realization of the future tax benefits is dependent on the Company’s ability to generate sufficient taxable income within the carry forward period. Because of the Company’s recent history of operating losses, management believes that recognition of the deferred tax assets arising from the above-mentioned future tax benefits is currently not likely to be realized and, accordingly, has provided a 100% valuation allowance against the asset amounts.

Any uncertain tax positions would be related to tax years that remain open and subject to examination by the relevant tax authorities. The Company has no liabilities related to uncertain tax positions or unrecognized benefits as of the year end December 31, 2019 or 2018. The Company has not accrued for interest or penalties associated with unrecognized tax liabilities.

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “TCJ Act”) was enacted into law. The TCJ Act provides for significant changes to the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), that impact corporate taxation requirements, such as the reduction of the federal tax rate for corporations from 35% to 21% and changes or limitations to certain tax deductions.

The Company is currently assessing the extensive changes under the TCJ Act and its overall impact on the Company; however, based on its preliminary assessment of the reduction in the federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% to become effective on January 1, 2018, the Company currently expects that its effective tax rate for 2018 will be between 20% and 23%. Such estimated range is based on management’s current assumptions with respect to, among other things, the Company’s earnings, state income tax levels and tax deductions. The Company’s actual effective tax rate in 2019 may differ from management’s estimate.

As of December 31, 2019, the Company had federal and state net operating loss carry forwards of approximately $28.7 million, which may be available to offset future taxable income for tax purposes. These net operating losses carry forwards begin to expire in 2034. This carry forward may be limited upon the ownership change under IRC Section 382. IRS Section 382 places limitations (the “Section 382 Limitation”) on the amount of taxable income which can be offset by net operating loss carry forwards after a change in control (generally greater than 50% change in ownership) of a loss corporation. Generally, after a change in control, a loss corporation cannot deduct operating loss carry forwards in excess of the Section 382 Limitation. Due to these “change in ownership” provisions, utilization of the net operating loss may be subject to an annual limitation regarding their utilization against taxable income in future periods. The Company has not concluded its analysis of Section 382 through December 31, 2019 but believes the provisions will not limit the availability of losses to offset future income.

The Company is subject to income taxes in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and the state of Nevada. The tax regulations within each jurisdiction are subject to interpretation of related tax laws and regulations and require significant judgment to apply. As of December 31, 2019, tax years 2015 through 2018 remain open for IRS audit. The Company has received no notice of audit from the IRS for any of the open tax years.